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Most wind-blown sand moves as saltation, in concentrations that decrease at exponential rates away from the surface. The trajectories of saltating grains increase in height and length as their coefficient of restitution increases, as is the case for the smaller particles in a grain population. Conversely, it has been indicated that mean saltation trajectory heights, hs50, increase with mean grain size, d50....
When fermions are in equilibrium with a heat bath they occupy states according to the well-known Fermi-Dirac distribution. When the bath is very cold, this distribution displays a discontinuous jump defining the location of the Fermi surface. But how should fermions occupy states when they are driven away from equilibrium by a time dependent periodic force? would their occupation still have sharp jumps? or would the periodic drive simply heat them up and smear their fermi surfaces?...
